Hepatitis C is a viral infection of the liver due to the hepatitis C virus. Hep C (or HCV) is very rarely caused by sexual transmission, rather the virus is typically contracted via blood and other bodily fluid contact with an infected individual in the following ways:
Sharing needles = 80% of patients
Tattoos and piercings, from unsterile tools and equipment
Blood transfusions, particularly before 1992
Dialysis, if equipment is reused or not properly cleaned
Babies born to mothers with hepatitis C

Unlike many other forms of hepatitis, there is no vaccination against hepatitis C virus, which is why approximately 3.9 million americans are currently living with hep c, but don’t know it. Hepatitis C is difficult to diagnose in the early stages, however treatment is necessary to prevent liver damage and cirrhosis.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), hep c occurs in the following forms, or genotypes, which can be identified by a blood test:

1. HCV genotype 1
This hepatitis C genotype is the most widespread genotype in North America. In fact, according to the CDC, HCV genotype 1 accounts for approximately 75% of hepatitis C cases in the U.S.

2. HCV genotype 2
Also found on a global level, HCV genotype 2 only accounts for 15% of U.S. cases.

3. HCV genotype 3
Also noted on a worldwide level, HCV genotype 3 only accounts for 13% of U.S. hep C cases.

4. HCV genotype 4
HCV genotype 4 is considered very rare within North America. However, this genotype is more prevalent in areas such as Egypt, central Africa, and the Middle East.

5. HCV genotype 5
Another less common genotype in North America, HCV genotype 5 affects mainly South Africa populations.

6. HCV genotype 6
Is more common throughout Southeast Asia and very rare in North American countries.